(2818) Proposal to conserve the name Ficus trigona ( Moraceae ) with a conserved type

(2818) Ficus trigona L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 441. Apr 1782 [Angiosp.: Mor.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: Suriname, [C.G. Dahlberg] 159 in Herb. Linnaeus No. 1240.12 (LINN), typ. After reviewing their protologues and typification, we found that f. (Suppl. 1782) should be considered a superfluous illegitimate name because at the time of its publication it contained single syntype F. trigonata (Pl. Surin.: 17. 1775). Our recognition as was only noticed after clarification original material by Moraes (in Phytotaxa 41: 59. 2012). In this work author demonstrated notation protologue trigonata: “Ficus 159. Trigonata” (without collector herbarium), refers to collection Dahlberg from Suriname Linnaean Herbarium (LINN 1240.12), where is annotated 159” himself. The specimen thus part together with Plumier plate also cited (“Plum. Icon. t. 132, 1”) protologue. (Plumier, Pl. Amer. 6: 123, fig. 1. 1757), based on an individual Antilles, 3-word diagnosis “foliis ovatis, integerrimis” providing sole basis for valid name, element available typification (Art. 7.8, Art. 9 Note 3; Turland & al. Regnum Veg. 158. 2018) later designated lectotype Berg DeWolf Lanjouw Stoffers, Fl. 5: 264. 1975). referenced same well “Habitat Surinamo. Dalberg”. Taking 40 2 guidance, can consider latter statement mention or gathering, represented 1240.12) constituting trigonata. By including “all syntypes under 9.6” 52.2(a)) his trigona, filius have “definitely included type […] ought been adopted” 52.1), making superfluous, name. Although authors (Berg DeWolf, l.c.: 261) are indicated (l.c.) lectotypifying must ignored, 7.5 homotypic synonym It not clear why published elements trigonata, but main suspicion would properly following evidence corroborates this: (1) has number (Linnaeus's herbarium) reference “Plum. 1”, without description; (2) mentioned subsequent publications, (e.g., Thunberg, Ficus: 5, 10. 1786; Lamarck, Encycl. 2: 497. 1788; Vahl, Enum. 190. 1805; Miquel London J. Bot. 548. 1847 [‘Urostigma’]), until recovered Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W.I.: 150–151. 1859); (3) epithets meaning: triangular shape; (4) another new species, pertusa (l.c.: 442), earlier (father), perforata 17; proposed rejection Taxon 52: 369–370. 2003), just did trigona. However history these names followed different ways applied them distinct, easily recognized, well-circumscribed species. species occurs Central America, Antilles northern South America 264; Villavicencio Ilicifolia 30–31, 64–65, 91–92, 112. 2004). This ostiole surrounded distinct rim characteristic recognized literature more than 150 years (Grisebach, l.c.; Ann. Missouri Gard. 47: 156–157. 1960; Burger Fieldiana, 40: 176–177. 1977; Acta Amazon. 14: 179. 1986; Carauta Albertoa 165–170. 1989; Gorts-Van Rijn, Guianas 11: 55–56. 1992; Villavicencio, l.c.). distributed Colombia Brazil, trilobed ring 261–264; Pederneiras Brittonia 72: 227–228. 2020). 200 (Thunberg, Miquel, l.c. [‘Urostigma’]; 261; al., Carauta, Berg, Simonis Riina, Venez. Moraceae: 179–181. 2000; Harling Persson, Ecuador 85: 114–117. 2009; loss disadvantageous nomenclatural change. To avoid such change due strict application Code, propose here conservation LINN conserved type, matching concept years. LCP, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-227X SRN, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-3008 VFM, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-0744 thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado Rio Janeiro (FAPERJ, E-26/202.277/2019, E-26/202.278/2019) funding research. We Mark Spencer, Natural History Museum, London, sending information, John H. Wiersema, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, careful review work.